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WALL STRUCTURE.

APPLlCATlON FILED OCT. 3. I916:

Patented. Aug. 5, 1919.

CHLES JDIJETRICHS, OF LITTLE FERRY, NEW JERSEY.

WALL STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5, IIQ,

Application filed Uctober 3, 1916. Serial No. 123,476.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES Drn'rnrons, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Little Ferry, county of'Bergen, State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Wall Structures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to wall structures for masonry or concrete block buildings, and has for its object to provide a wall structure having substantially continuous inner and outer walls forming a dead air space coextensive with the area of the wall to thereby obtain in an unusual degree the advantages of dryness and heat insulation;

Double wall buildings have heretofore been built out of poured concrete and also out of cut stone, brick, artificial stone, etc., but in all such structures of which I am aware, the two walls have not been heretofore satisfactorily bonded so that the two parts of the wall will be maintained in their original position under uneven stresses, settling, expansion, etc. In my improved wall construction I provide a bonding element whereby the two single walls are held together with the full strength of a solid wall of the entire thickness of the two walls.

The number of points bonded may be placed up in quantity and set in the wall as the laving of the wall proceeds, by the ordinary mason or bricklayer.

' In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated difi'erent embodiments of my invention, some showing a wall of concrete block and another a wall of brick. each provided with mv improved bondin element holding the two walls in proper y spaced relation. f

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion ofthe wall formed of concrete block;

Fig. 2 is a perspective detail of the bonding element detached;

Fig. 3 is a detail view showing the style of anchoring head employed when used in a reinforced wall;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the brick wall; and

Fig. 5 is a detail view showing a further modification of the anchoring rod.

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, 1 indicates a continuous outer wall and 2 a continuous inner wall forming the double wall structure. Each wall as shown is composed of concrete blocks 3 of rectangular face and cross section set in the usual manner in horizontal courses with the vertical joints staggered.

As shown,-the blocks are formed on their horizontal edges with V-shaped grooves a for receiving the mortar or cement by which the blocks are bonded together and also for receiving the reinforcing rods 5 if desired, which may extend longitudinally of the wall. ,The two single walls are held together by means of bonding elements such as shown detached in Fig. 2, comprising a block or brick 8 of concrete or cement having between its middle point and its upper face a transverse metal rod 6 embedded in the block and projecting beyond its smaller vertical faces as shown. The ends of the rod 6 are provided with anchoring heads 7 which may be'of any preferred shape, but are preferably shaped to'fit in the cavity formed by the meeting of two courses of the wall blocks. The anchoring head may be either of a diamond shaped vertical cross section to completely fill the cavity between the blocks, or may be cut away on its outer face to permit the passage of the reinforcing rod which may, if desired, be laid between the courses of block.

All the faces of the block are not perfectly flat. The faces of the block which engage the two walls are somewhat inclined away from the plane of the wall blocks above the projecting ends of the rod for one side of the upper part to project over the plane of the wall face so that the next set.

, In laying the walls, the blocks are laid on a suitable foundation and at intervals, the distance between which will be varied with the contemplated size and strength of the wall. A spacing block or bonding element 8 willbe inserted, the block having been first immersed orpainted with tar or bitumen or some other suitable water-proof head and the block.

compound. In setting the spacing block in place, the mason willichip out the inside edges of the grooves of the wall blocks to receive the shank of the rod between the en the mortar or cement is filled in between the blocks the hole will be filled and the anchoring heads firmly set in the'inner and outer walls, thereby holding the two walls against spreading away from each other,',while'the block itself holds the wall in "its properly spaced relation. The effect at each. point where the spacing block is located is that of a solid wall, and if the wall be: bonded in the manner .described at. properly spaced intervals, the wall should have ample strength for all v purposes even though made of compara- 30 tively thin slabs or blocks of material.

InFig. 3 I haveshown a modified-form of anchoring head for the tie-rod of the spacing blocks, which is adapted for use desired manner to engage over the rod.

- 'In Fig. 4 I have illustrated my improved -wc11 as constructed of brick. The bonding element for this wall consists, as in the other case, of a-molded concrete block 8 having a.

transverse" tie-rod 9 '-with'its ends terminating in anchoring heads 10 adaptedto engage the-outer face of the outer wall and inner face of the inner wall in the manner shown. The block-will be suitably coated ing head '.55 forming the thickness of the wall, whereby with w'ater-proofmaterial before it is set in thewall and. the s ace between the anchorand the ace of the block will be just equal to the dimensions of the brick the two walls will be rigidly, clamped together. The outer anchoring head may be of any sent an unslghtly appearance- In laying the wa1l, the block's maybe' placed at any desired point, rods noylarger than the thicknessof the laierof mortar between the courses of br'ic ;.being quite suflicient. .If larger rodsare" for. any reason used, the

tier of blocks or brick cannot be properly the area of the anchoring head,

ornamental design socas not topre- 1 ing bonded together at intervals by inner and outer walls,

brick-layer has merely to chip off the corners of the adjacent bricks where the spacing block is to be placed to permit the passage of the rod.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a modified form of block having certain special features of longitudinalmovement in the bloc (s as in .a bearing, so that the extent to which the rod projects on either sideof the block may be varied to adjust the space between the face of the block and its hooked end to accommodate variations in thickness of the blocks. The wire'may be loosened in the block by simply turning the wire when the block is partially set but not hard. As shown in Fig. 5, the end of the wire 13 is not set'into the cement of the block on the inside face, as the inside of the wall is to be plastered or otherwise finished. By havin the wire capable of movement in the blocl c it may be adjusted to fitover the inner block and then embedded into the outer block to whatever extent may be necessary, the cavity over the end of the wire being filled with cement, as indicated at 15 when the wall is pointed up.

' 'My improved bonding element may obviously be used in combination with blocks of other materials than described and may be used also with other forms of concrete blocks. The anchoring heads may be either embedded in the block or project beyond the block in the manner described, or if desired, the head may be so shaped that its outer face lies just back of the face of the wall. In such cases the mason will chip away a portion of the block to receive the anchoring head and when the Wallis finished it will be pointed up with cement to,

cover the anchoring head. This construction is especially desirable with solid blocks without the longitudinal grooves such as shown in Fig. 5.

I claim:

1. A wall structure comprising continuous inner and outer walls spaced from each other throughout their extent, said walls bebonding elements comprlslng a block having a portion of two of its side faces flat and par-,. allel and engaging the adjacent faces of the and tie-rods in said blocks,fsaid rods having anchoring heads engaging the material of the inner and ing throng raiaeoe I outer walls tohold'the walls against expansion away from the blocks, the spacing block above said rod being spaced away from said Walls to permit individual levelingof the wall blocks.

2. A spacing block for wall structures comprisin T a block having a tie-rod extend- %i the block from side to side with the portions of the side faces of the block containing the ends of the tie-rods parallel I to each other on one side of the tie-rod and with the portions of the 'faces of theblock to the other side of the tie-rod slightly cut away, substantially as described.

3. A separator block for wall structures comprising a block having two opposite side faces of substantially rectangular outline, a tie-rod extending through the block with its ends projecting beyond the said faces, the portions of said faces to one side of the projecting ends of said tie-rod being parallel with each other and the portions to the other side of the ends of said tie-rods being inclined toward each other, substantially as described.

4:.- A separator block for wall structures comprising a block having two opposite side faces of substantially rectangular outline, a tie-rod extending through the block with its endsprojecting beyond the said faces, the portions of said faces to one side of the projecting ends of said tie-rod being parallel with each other and the portions to the other side of the ends of said tie-rods being inclined toward each other, said tierod being free to move longitudinally in the block, substantially as described.

Signed at Ridgefield Park, in the county of Bergen and State of New Jersey this 2d day of September, 1916.

CHARLES DIETRICHS, 

